Dominated by public community of German public service marketization reform and reference to our country
摘 要:以社区公有为主导是德国公共服务市场化过程中的显著特色，鉴于我国城镇化快速推进和新型社区的不断完善，社区在公共服务的提供中扮演越来越重要的角色,本文运用案例分析和图表分析法对德国公共服务市场化改革的特点、取得的成效及经验进行介绍，通过借鉴德国的社区公有公营手段、采用综合管制型网络进入模式向信息社会转移和价格管理的长效机制取代应急管制机制等手段来推进我国公共服务市场化进程，更大程度的发挥社区的作用，从而推动我国公共服务市场化的进程。
Abstract: Dominated by public community is significant in the process of marketization of German public service characteristics, in view of the rapid advance of urbanization in our country and the continuous improvement of the new type of community, community in providing public services play more and more important role. This paper uses case analysis and chart analysis of the characteristics of German public service marketization reform, introduces the results and experience, this paper argues that can draw lessons from Germany's community public means, comprehensive control model is adopted to improve the professional and cross-industry control, using the control network into the model to the transfer of information society and price management of long-term mechanism to replace the emergency control measures to promote China's public service marketization, to a greater degree of play to the role of the community and promote the process of marketization of public service in China.
Key words: Marketization of German public service; community public; Marketization ; experience for reference
中图分类号: 文献标识码：A 文章编号:
德国公共服务是不断走向市场化的,在经济利益、自由化政策、相关技术进步以及信息技术进步的驱动下,主要脉络是一个从接受政府严格控制到解除管制的变化过程,其目的在于促进行业竞争。德国政府曾建立或购买一些国有企业，其目的是通过政府直接参与经济发展调节市场。但是后来德国政府逐步认识到，继续沿用传统方式建设和运营公用事业面临越来越多的困难，德国每年都要通过巨额财政补贴来支付救济金等各种保险费用,2010年德国三级公共财政加上社保基金的赤字一共为820亿欧元，占总GDP的3.3%。公用产品和服务需求不断增长，单靠政府投资资金明显不足。公用事业的国有企业经营效益和服务水平不高，不少企业亏损日益严重，巨大的财政补贴成为政府日益沉重的负担。为了解决这一困境，从1982年开始，德国对市政公用事业实行市场化改革。
